An estimated 10% of cases were extensively drug resistant xdr i. Integration of hiv testing in tuberculosis drug resistance. The global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance was launched in 1994 by the world health organization and other partners to respond to the emerging threat of drugresistant tuberculosis. The who and the iuatld international union against tuberculosis and lung disease have established a global project of drug resistance surveillance that is based on standard epidemiological methods and quality control through an extensive network of reference laboratories. To support this informatically, previous work led to the development of the widely used tbprofiler webtool, which predicts resistance to 14. Articles epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance. This fourth global report is based on information collected between 2002 and 2006 on 90 000 tb patients in 81 countries. Surveillance for antimicrobial drug resistance in under. Molecular characterization of mutations associated with. In 1994, the first whoiuatld global antitb drug resistance. The global project on antitb drug resistance surveillance, hosted by the world health organization who, is the oldest and largest antimicrobial resistance surveillance project in the world. Whoiuatld global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in 1994. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdrtb has been recorded at the highest rates ever, according to this new report that presents findings from the largest survey to date on the scale of drug resistance in tuberculosis. Background the burden of tuberculosis is compounded by drug resistant forms of the disease.
Antituberculosis tb drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the success of dots, the whorecommended treatment strategy for detection and cure of tb, as well as global tuberculosis control. The global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance was initiated in 1994 to estimate the burden of drugresistant tuberculosis worldwide. Introduction the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance was initiated in 1994 to estimate. A training workshop for consultants geneva, 2427 may 2011. In 2008, the fourth report of the whounion global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance was published, which summarized data from 114 countries between 1994 and 2007. The global project on anti tb drug resistance surveillance is the oldest and largest project on surveillance of anti microbial resistance in the world, reaching a milestone of 20 years of operations in 2014. World health organizationinternational union against. In the face of the significant obstacles to new tb drug development, the global alliance for tb drug development is working with several partners, including private pharmaceutical companies, to close the. Description of the implementation process of a national antituberculosis drug. Since its launch in 1994, data on drug resistance among tb patients have been systematically collected and analysed from 164 countries worldwide. Implementation of a national antituberculosis drug. Primary and secondary antituberculosis drug resistance in. The global project on anti tb drug resistance surveillance drs, supported by the tb supranational reference laboratory network srln, was established in june 1994 in mainz, germany by who and the union.
Oldest and largest global surveillance project for antimicrobial resistance amr global project on antitb drug resistance surveillance data from 160 countries or 97% of the worlds tb cases until now collects representative data from the tb patient population to estimate the magnitude of drug resistance understand trends in drug. Report from the world health organization whointernational union against tuberculosis and lung disease iuatld global project on drug resistance surveillance revealed that the prevalence of the primary multidrugresistant tuberculosis during 19961999 ranged between 014. Firstline antituberculosis drug resistance patterns and. Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance in the world. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may. The most recent surveillance data from beijing and shanghai, china, showed that the xdr tb cases accounted for.
The burden of tuberculosis is compounded by drugresistant forms of the disease. Primarily because of the global project, the prevalence and patterns of drug resistance from areas representing 40% of worldwide cases confirmed by positive results of sputum testing have been assessed. However, its burden at community level is not well known. The acquisition and subsequent transmission of drugresistant tb is increasingly recognized as a threat to tuberculosis control and mdrtb is considered among the major emerging threats. Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs nejm. The projects primary aims are to monitor trends in resistance and estimate the prevalence of. Methods data on drug susceptibility testing for four antituberculosis drugsisoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycinwere gathered in the third round of the global project 19992002 from surveys or ongoing surveillance in 79 countries or. Hence, the evaluation of prexdr and xdr prevalence, as. Tb bacteria can become resistant to the drugs used for treatment. Anti tb drug surveillanceaziz authorstream presentation. The global project on anti tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance was launched in 1994 by the world health organization and other partners to respond to the emerging threat of drugresistant tuberculosis. Prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary. The emergence and spread of drugresistant tb threatens global tb control efforts. The emergence of extensively drugresistant tuberculosis xdrtb has raised public health concern for global tb control.
Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance 200207. The aim of the project is to evaluate drugresistant tuberculosis, to monitor its progress across the world, and to develop plans to prevent and tackle it. Ten years have elapsed since the who and its partners launched the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Thus, the aim of study was to assess the prevalence of primary and secondary resistance to. The whoiuatld global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Union against tuberculosis and lung disease whounion global project on anti tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance is carried out with the financial backing of united states agency for international development usaid and eli lilly and company as part of the lilly multidrug resistant mdr tb partnership. Data on drug resistance among new and previously treated tb patients, as reported by countries to the world health organization, were analysed. A drug resistance survey is an essential public health management tool for evaluating and improving the performance of national tuberculosis control programmes. The drs was part of the whoiuatld global project on tb drug resistance surveillance and followed who guidelines 24.
Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance in the. The whoiuatld global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance 19941997. Global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in 1994, due to lack of standardized data on antitb drug resistance and in an effort to estimate the global prevalence of resistance, who, international union against tuberculosis and lung disease and other partners developed the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Antituberculous drug resistance occurs when a strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate is resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents as evidenced by internationally recommended methods for susceptibility tests e. To evaluate prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis tb patients in hangzhou city, china.
In 2010, an estimated 650,000 cases of multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb i. In 1994, who, the international union against tuberculosis and lung disease, and other partners launched the global project on anti tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Results since the launch of the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in 1994, drug resistance data have been systematically collected and analysed from 127 countries, or 66% of whos 193 member states. Association between hivaids and multidrug resistance.
The global project for antitb drug resistance surveillance was initiated in 1994 with the aim of collecting and evaluating data on antituberculosis drug resistance in a systematic and ongoing manner across the world. Such data are collected through surveys of a representative sample of tb patients or. Global antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance project in 1993, tuberculosis was declared as a global emergency following which, in 1994, the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance was initiated by the world health organzation who and international union against tuberculosis and lung diseases, aiming to. Developing resistance to antituberculosis medications has immense implications on the management of tb by 1 increasing the treatment duration, 2 having to use secondline medications with broader sideeffects profiles, 3 the increased cost of therapy, and 4 the lower success rates 82% for drugsusceptible tb, 52% for mdrtb, 28% for xdr. Two decades ago, the world health organization who initiated the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance.
To present a global update of drugresistant tuberculosis tb and explore trends in 19942010. The current manuscript describes the implementation of the first national drug resistance survey in tanzania. Tuberculosis tb is a serious respiratory disease caused by bacteria that are spread from person to person through the air. Sequencing for the surveillance of drug resistant tb. The global emergence and rise in the prevalence of mdrtb and xdrtb cases in the past decade has made it imperative to detect drug resistance rapidly and accurately 8. Pnths laboratory participates in an annual international proficiency study on dst together with laboratories in korea and australia, with results that are concordant to those of other laboratories for more than 95% of the tests. The who world health organization and the iuatld international union against tuberculosis and lung disease have established a global project of drug resistance surveillance that is based on standard epidemiological methods and quality control through an extensive network of reference laboratories. It remains the oldest and largest project on surveillance of anti microbial drug resistance amr worldwide. Although multi drugresistant tuberculosis mdr tb prevalence and associated genetic mutations in morocco are well documented, scarce information on xdr tb is available.
This study aimed to analyse data on antituberculosis drug resistance gathered by the who and international union against tuberculosis and lung disease global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Whole genome sequencing wgs is rapidly gaining traction as a diagnostic tool for clinical tuberculosis settings. Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis 5th edition. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis mdrtb drugs which is resistant to the major firstline antitb drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, has become a major global challenge in tuberculosis tb control programme. Whole genome sequencing of drug resistant mycobacterium. The global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance provides a standardized overview of the prevalence of drug resistance in many countries around the world.
The whoiuatld global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance 19941997 on. Global surveillance for antituberculosisdrug resistance. Epidemiology of multidrug resistant tuberculosis mdrtb. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. There is an urgent need for new diagnostic tests that rapidly identify drug sensitivity profiles of m. Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis. Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance.
Resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimycobacterial drugs is a global concern. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs is a major threat to global public health. In 2016, data on resistance to tb drugs were available for 160 countries, accounting for more than 97% of the worlds population and. Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance the. Sputum samples of smear positive tb patients enrolled in 2011 and 2015 were collected and tested for drug susceptibility, and demographic and medical record data were extracted from the electronic database of china. The guidelines incorporate the wealth of experience gained from 20 years of the global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance. This fourth global report is based on information collected between 2002 and 2006 on 90,000 tb patients in 81countries. Prevalence and genetic profiles of isoniazid resistance in. Pnths laboratory participates in an annual international proficiency study. The global project on antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance 20022007, 37 countries has reported that xdr tb prevalence among mdr tb cases ranged from 6. The emerging threat of drugresistant tuberculosis in southern africa. Tb is an important health problem in iran, and the issue has become even more so as a result of increasing drugresistant strains. The drs was part of the whoiuatld global project on tb drug resistance surveillance and followed who guidelines.
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